1818 in science

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The year 1818 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Contents 1 Astronomy 2 Chemistry 3 Exploration 4 Medicine 5 Meteorology 6 Physics 7 Technology 8 Publications 9 Awards 10 Births 11 Deaths 12 References

Astronomy

• January 3 (21:52 UTC) - Venus occults Jupiter, last occultation of one planet by another before 22 November 2065.

Chemistry

• Louis Jacques Thénard discovers hydrogen peroxide.^[1]

Exploration

• John Ross sets sail in search of the Northwest Passage.

Medicine

• September 25 - In London, Dr James Blundell carries out the first blood transfusion using human blood.^[2]
• Jean Esquirol produces reports urging greater medicalization in the treatment of insanity in France.
• Carl Ferdinand von Graefe publishes his pioneering work on rhinoplasty, Rhinoplastik.

Meteorology

• John Howard begins publication of The Climate of London, the first book on urban climatology in English, presenting new thinking on atmospheric electricity and the causes of precipitation.^[3]

Physics

• Augustin-Jean Fresnel presents a memoir on diffraction of light to the Académie des Sciences.

Technology

• January 2 - Institution of Civil Engineers inaugurated in London.
• Robert Stirling builds the first practical version of his Stirling engine.
• First Chubb detector lock produced.^[4]

Publications

• Benjamin Silliman begins publishing the American Journal of Science, concentrating on geology; by the 21st century it will be the longest-running scientific journal issued in the United States.

Awards

• Copley Medal: Robert Seppings

Births

• April 8 - August Wilhelm von Hofmann (d. 1892), German chemist.
• May 1 - Lyon Playfair (d. 1898), Scottish chemist.
• September 27 - Hermann Kolbe (d. 1884), German chemist.
• December 24 - James Prescott Joule (d. 1889), English physicist.

Deaths

• July 28 - Gaspard Monge (b. 1746), mathematician.
• August 11 - Ivan Petrovich Kulibin (b. 1735), inventor.
• Bryan Higgins (b. 1741), chemist.

References